Government - Wikipedia. A government is the system to govern a state or community. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. Forms of government, or forms of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government. Governments may control the economy, social freedoms, law enforcement, school system, and political systems. Definitions and etymology. The development of agriculture and the water control projects to support it were one catalyst for the development of governments. Down·play (doun. The mandate of heaven was a similar concept in China. Starting at the end of the 1. Delegated legislation in Law EnforcementMain Entry: Law Enforcement in the Legal Dictionary. This section provides, in the context of Law Enforcement, a partial. Read the latest breaking financial and political news stories from Australia and around the world. Visit the website to find out more. The Glorious Revolution in England, the American revolution, and the French revolution contributed to the growth of representative forms of government. The Soviet Union was the first large country to have a Communist government. Plato used the Ship of State metaphor to describe the functioning of governance. In his book Leviathan, Hobbes describes the ideal form of government as monarchy, because the monarch's private interest will coincide with the public interest. In Two Treatises of Government, Locke argues against the divine right of kings. Powers of governments. Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislature (and sometimes parts of the judiciary) are unified. Military. A few nations, such as Costa Rica, currently do not. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization. Marshall described the modern welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare, and capitalism. State education is generally available to all. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to attend school up to a certain age, but the option of attending private school is open to many. In the case of private schooling, schools operate independently of the state and generally defray their costs (or even make a profit) by charging parents tuition fees. Forms of government. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to partial and restricted (constitutional monarchy), to completely autocratic (absolute monarchy). Traditionally and in most cases, the monarch's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication, but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected. The uncertainty of outcomes is inherent in democracy, which makes all forces struggle repeatedly for the realization of their interests, being the devolution of power from a group of people to a set of rules. Governments have three main functions: legislation, judicature, and administration. In a presidential system, the executive power is vested in an elected president. A second distinction is the relation between various levels of government. In a unitary state, local governments can be created or modified by the national government at- will (e. Local Government Act 1. Some large cities have a consolidated government that replaces multiple tiers of government found in other areas, e. Local governments generally act within powers delegated to them by legislation or directives of the higher level of government. In federal states, local government generally comprises the third (or sometimes fourth) tier of government, whereas in unitary states, local government usually occupies the second or third tier of government, often with greater powers than higher- level administrative divisions. Common names for sub- national government entities include state, province, region, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, and local service district. References. Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press. November 2. 01. 0. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0- 0. 8- 0. 43. Oxford Dictionaries e. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 December 2. The Social Science Encyclopedia. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Gibbons (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 9. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. Citizenship and Social Class: And Other Essays. Print.^Stuart Berg Flexure and Lenore Carry Hack, editors, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Random House, New York (1. Oxford English Dictionary. December 1. 98. 9. Archived from the original on June 2. Retrieved December 2. Democracy and the Market. Cambridge University Press.
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